JPMorgan Chase CEO Jamie Dimon expressed concerns this week about the possibility of stagflation, a detrimental mix of economic stagnation and inflation, taking hold of the U.S. economy. Speaking at the Council of Institutional Investors fall conference in New York City on September 10, Dimon stated that a fate worse than recession cannot be ruled out.
Stagflation, often associated with the 1970s, is characterized by elevated price pressures, increasing unemployment, and stagnating economic growth. This combination could have severe consequences, pushing stock markets lower, straining retirement accounts, and reducing consumer purchasing power. Policymakers would find it challenging to revive growth without exacerbating inflation, making stagflation the worst possible outcome.
In line with this concern, the latest University of Michigan consumer sentiment survey revealed that while short-term inflation expectations have slightly declined, long-term inflation expectations have increased. Americans anticipate inflation over the next 12 months to be at 2.7 percent, closer to the Federal Reserve’s 2 percent target. However, long-run inflation expectations for the next five years rose to 3.1 percent in September, indicating persisting inflationary concerns.
Dimon echoed these sentiments at the conference, highlighting the potential for higher government deficits and continued infrastructure spending to reignite inflationary pressures.
“It’s hard to look at [it] and say, ‘Well, no, we’re out of the woods.’ I don’t think so,” he emphasized.
Several economists, including those at Euro Pacific Capital Management, agree that the fight to tame inflation is not yet over. They identify medical care, shelter costs, and transportation services as red flags for a possible resurgence of inflation.
Investors predict that the Federal Reserve will announce an interest rate cut at its next policy meeting on September 18. While reducing borrowing costs may alleviate some pressure on the economy, it could also contribute to inflationary pressures.
In a speech at Jackson Hole last month, Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell acknowledged the progress made in combating inflation but noted that the task is not yet complete. Powell emphasized the observable cooling in the labor market and indicated that rate cuts are imminent.
“The time has come for policy to adjust,” Powell stated. “The direction of travel is clear, and the timing and pace of rate cuts will depend on incoming data, the evolving outlook, and the balance of risks.”
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